Food travels mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus. That tube is the alimentary canal. The liver, gall bladder, pancreas and salivary glands are not part of the tube — they add juices to it.

Food is broken down (digestion) mostly in the mouth, stomach and small intestine; the digested molecules are absorbed in the small intestine; water is absorbed in the large intestine; and the leftover material is removed at the anus (egestion).

Salivary glands add amylase in the mouth. The liver makes bile; the gall bladder stores it. The pancreas adds amylase, protease and lipase to the small intestine. None of these is part of the canal itself.