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3D Cell Explorer

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Structures

Plant vs animal — what examiners ask for

Feature Plant cell Animal cell
Cell wall Present (cellulose) Absent
Cell membrane Present Present
Nucleus Present Present
Cytoplasm Present Present
Chloroplasts Present Absent
Ribosomes Present Present
Mitochondria Present Present
Vacuole One large, permanent (cell sap) Small and temporary, or none
Shape Fixed and regular Irregular

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Subject: Biology (IGCSE) — 0610 · Paper 2

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  1. Q1. Which action would help to limit the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

    • A) Use antibiotics frequently to prevent infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
    • B) Use antibiotics only to treat bacterial infections. your answer
    • C) Use antibiotics to treat all types of infections.
    • D) Use antibiotics to treat only viral infections.

    Cambridge · 0610 Paper 2 · Nov 2025 · Q22 · Past paper

  2. Q2. Small molecules are used as the basic units in the synthesis of large food molecules. Which statement is correct?

    • A) Amino acids are basic units of carbohydrates. your answer
    • B) Fatty acids are basic units of glycogen.
    • C) Glycerol is a basic unit of oils. correct
    • D) Simple sugar is a basic unit of protein.

    Oils (lipids) are composed of glycerol and fatty acids; amino acids are units of proteins, and simple sugars are units of carbohydrates.

    Cambridge · 0610 Paper 2 · Jun 2016 · Q8 · Past paper

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A2 Level Biology · Photosynthesis
Online
What's the difference between C3 and C4 plants? Is it on the exam?
AI Tutor
Great question — and yes, it is on your syllabus (9700, Section 12).

C3 plants (wheat, rice) fix CO₂ directly in mesophyll cells using RuBisCO. In hot/dry conditions RuBisCO also grabs O₂ — wasting energy in photorespiration.

C4 plants (maize, sugarcane) pre-fix CO₂ in mesophyll, then pump concentrated CO₂ to bundle sheath cells — almost eliminating photorespiration.
How do I remember which is which in the exam?
AI Tutor
Memory trick: C4 = Four-carbon intermediate = Faster in heat.

Also save this — past paper Nov 2022 Q3b asks you to compare them directly. Want me to walk you through the mark scheme?
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