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AS Level · Information Technology 9626

Personal data

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Personal Data (5.1)

Information Technology 9626

eSecurity: Data Confidentiality, Security Precautions, and Privacy Protection

Interactive Revision Notes with Self-Testing

What is Personal Data?
Why Keep Data Confidential?
Data Protection Regulations (GDPR)
Keeping Data Confidential
Keeping Data Secure
Authentication Techniques
Network Security Measures
Summary and Review

1. What is Personal Data?

Learning Objectives:

Understand what constitutes personal data
Know examples of personal data
Understand how personal data can be misused
Learn about data protection responsibilities

Definition of Personal Data

Personal Data: Any information that relates to an identified or identifiable living individual. Different pieces of information, which collected together, can lead to the identification of a particular person. Even encrypted, de-identified, or pseudonymised data is still classed as personal data if it can be reconstituted to identify someone.

Examples of Personal Data

Common Types of Personal Data:

Name and surname
Home address
Email address (e.g., [email protected])
Identification card number (passport, driving license)
Location data (GPS, mobile phone location)
IP address (identifies your computer on the internet)
Cookie ID (tracks your web browsing)
Phone number and mobile advertising ID
Medical records and hospital data
Bank account and financial details
Employment records and work history
Educational records and grades
Social media profiles and activity

Why Personal Data is Important

Key Point: Personal data is valuable and sensitive. It's stored on computers by organizations like banks, hospitals, employers, and retailers. If misused, it can cause serious harm to individuals.

2. Why Keep Data Confidential?

Risks of Misused Personal Data

What Could Happen If Data Falls Into Wrong Hands:

Identity Theft: Fraudster pretends to be you online using your personal information
Bank Fraud: Unauthorized withdrawals and purchases using stolen banking details
Account Takeover: Hackers use stolen login details to access your accounts
Burglary: Criminals use address info + social media holiday posts to know when to rob
Financial Loss: Money transferred between accounts illegally
Credit Damage: Fraudsters open accounts in your name, damaging your credit score
Extortion: Sensitive data used to blackmail individuals
Discrimination: Medical or financial data used against someone

Duty of Confidence

Duty of Confidence: Legal responsibility that workers have to keep personal data confidential. They must not disclose it or use it except with permission. Violation can result in legal injunction.

Who has this duty? Anyone working with personal data (doctors, accountants, lawyers, bank staff, teachers, etc.)

How is it enforced?

3. Data Protection Regulations (GDPR)

What is GDPR?

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Also in the full note

4. Keeping Data Confidential
5. Keeping Data Secure
6. Authentication Techniques
7. Network Security Measures
8. Summary and Review
Personal Data: Complete Overview
Master These Personal Data Concepts Checklist
🎯 Exam Success Tips for Personal Data (5.1)

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